Improvement in mortising-machines



dinard tatra @wat @wird i- JOSEPH w. FOWLE, or BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS.

Letters Patent No. 111,834, dated February 14, 1871.

IMPROVEMENT IN MCRTISINGfMACHlNES.

The Schedule referred to in these Letters 'Patent and making part of the same.

lo all whom it mag/ concern Be it known that I, JOSEPH W. FOWLE, of Boston, in the county ot' Sulclh and State of Massachusetts, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Mortising-Machines; and I do haereby declarel that the following, taken in connection with the drawings which accompany and' forum part of vthis specification, is'a description of my invention sufoient to .enable those skilled in the art to practice it.

Thisdnvention relates to 4that class of mortisiug-ma! chines which make use of a boring device to remove the bulk of the material to be cutaway, the hole made by the boring being enlarged and finished into rectangular shape by the action of -a hollow-square chisel, within which the borer is contained, the borer acting to deliver out of the hole the cuttings made bythe chisel as well as those made by itself.

In my invention'I make use of fourseparatc chisels surrounding the borer, which, by preference, is a common twisted auger, provided with a gimlct-pointed lscrew-threaded center, and with or without cuttinglips or spurs, the chisels being so arranged as to box in Or encompass the auger, and to move into the material with the auger, the chisels having also imparted to them short reciprocating movements, so that the cutting-edges of the chisels operate to cut a clean well- `defined outline of a rectangular hole by'a series of short strokes.

By preference I employ chisels so made that the edge of each formsan angle of ninety degrees, and has a length equal to one-fourth of the perimeter of the linished hole; but the chisels .niight be made fiat instead of angular, though in such case the angles of thel hole made would not be so perfect, andthe chisels, not being so stili` as are theangular chisels, would be more apt to spring and break.

The chisels I surround'by a guiding-band, which rests on the surface of the material to be mortised,

aud yields as the cutters enter said material, and, by an adjustable stop lapplied thereunto, may be made to Operate to gauge the depth of the hole to be`mortised.

Figure l is a front elevation of a machine so constructed as to embody my invention.

Figure 2 is a section taken in the plane of thev line s e', showing parts ofthe machine in plan beyond.

Figure 3 is a reversed plan of the piece which acts as the chisel-guide and depth-gauge, and exhibits also the cutting-edges of the chisels and auger.

Figure 4 embraces a corner and an edge `view of one of the chisels, and the stock in which it is secured and by which it is operated.

rlhe frame used is so similar to those employed in other machines for the same purpose that special.de.

scription of it, beyond referenceto the drawings, is not needed.

On this frame are ways a, 'on which a carriage, b, is so mounted that it can move up and down thereon.

A rack, c, is also ixed`on the frame, so that when (by sliding endwise the shaft d) the pinion e is geared into said rack, the frame b can be moved up or down by rotating shaft d.

A spring-catch, f, is arranged so as to sustain the carriage' b at a convenient position. while adjusting material to be mortised.

Onshaft dis a bevel-gear, g, which, when pinion c is out of mesh with rack c, takesinto a similar bevelgear, h, on a vertical shaft, t', mounted in bearings in carriage b, and provided with means at its lower end for receiving and holding the augerj.

Just, above the lower end of the shaft t is fixed the bevel-gear k, ,which meshes into four bevel-gears l Z l l, supported by suit-able bearin gs connected to car-V riage b.

Each ofthe gears-Zv carries a wrist or crank-pin, o. Each crank-pin works in a slot formed in' the upper end of a chisel-stock, 'naso that, by rotations of gears L l Z l, all of the chisel-stocks are reciprocated, the stocks being guided byjitting the piece n where they pass through it, said piece being secured to carriage b. In piece a are secured two guide-tubes, p, in which are fitted, so as to slide therein,two rods, q, and to the lower ends of these rods is fixed the piece t, which serves to guide the critters s, and may be made to act as a gauge to determine the depth of the mortiscs to be cut by having au adjustable collar on one of the rods q, located between piece r andthe end of one of the tubes p. Heads on rods q, or'pins in them, prevent the rods and the piece 'r from becoming detached from thc machine.

It will now be seen that when shaft Ii is rotated so as to turn the auger, the cutters. s will reciprccate, and thatif carriage?) is released from the springcatch f, the carriage and its attachments will descend until the pointed screw of the auger touches the material to be mortised, and the weight of the carriage and the rotations of the auger cause the said pointed screw to feed or draw the cutters in the material submitted to their action, the auger throwing the chips made out of the hole.

The reciprocations' of the`chisels may be arranged relatively to each othe.r,as may be desired. When the desired depth of mortise is obtained the latch t is lifted, which allows the operator to slide the shaft d endwise, so as to disconnect the bevel-gears g ,and h, and to connect pinion c and rack c, and then,

by turning the shaft (l, the cutters and carriage b are elevated to the place where the spring-catch f, will sustain the carriage. When the material is adjusted to receive a second operation from the cutters, the shaft d is moved endwise in a reverse direction, and

the latch tis dropped into its place to keep the bevelgears g h in mesh.

'.rnechan'ism, or by'a more simple deviee7 such as a lever and weights.

In practice I prefer to make the cutting-edges of the ehisels angular, as shown, so as to give the ad vantage obtained by a drawing stroke, but the cuttingedges might be arranged in a plane at right angles to the axis of the auger.

I claim-- l. In a mortising-machine, in which a boring-tool is used to remove the bulk of the material to be ont driving mechanism, as herein shown and described.

2. The combination ofthe chisel-guiding and depth-- gauging piece fr with the combined boring-tool and cbisels, substantially as and for the .purpose set forth.

- JOSEPH W. FOWLE.

Witnesses f J. B. ORQSBY, C. WARREN BROWN.

away, the combination of the slotted chisels with their 

